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Tajemství vládnutí spočívá totiž v tom, jak spojit víru ve vlastní neomylnost se schopností učit se z minulých chyb.

George Orwell

Polní laboratoř

NASA Catches Glimpse of the Brief Life of Southern Indian Ocean's First Tropical Cyclone

The first tropical cyclone of the Southern Indian Ocean season lasted about one day. Tropical Cyclone 01S was born on Oct. 27 and by Oct. 28 had become a remnant low. The first tropical cyclone of the Southern Indian Ocean cyclone season formed on Oct. 27 near 13.1 south and 63.4 east, about 570 nautical miles northeast of Port Louis, Mauritus. It was moving to the west-southwest at 7 knots. Maximum sustained winds were near 35 knots. On Oct. 27, satellite imagery showed that the low-level circulation center is elongated indicating the system was battling wind shear. Satellite imagery revealed that the strongest convection was around the southern edge of the center. Maximum sustained winds were near 35 knots/40 mph/64.8 kph and the storm was moving west. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer or MODIS instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite captured a visible image of Tropical Cyclone 01S in the South Indian Ocean. The image was taken on Oct. 27 at 09:30 UTC/4:30 a.m. EDT and showed an elongated storm. On Oct. 28 at 0000 UTC/Oct. 27 at 8 p.m. EDT, Tropical Cyclone 01S was located near 13.1 south latitude and 62.5 east longitude, approximately 550 nautical miles north-northeast of La Reunion Island. Despite the maximum sustained winds near 35 knots/40 mph/64.8 kph, the storm was weakening and was expected to weaken because of wind shear

NASA Sees Newborn Twenty-ninth Depression in the Philippine Sea

NASA infrared imagery revealed that bands of thunderstorms have been wrapping into the center of newborn Tropical Depression 29W, indicating it's organizing and strengthening in the Philippine Sea. The Philippine Sea is located within the northwestern Pacific Ocean. It's located east and north of the Philippines and covers about 2 million square miles (5 million square kilometers). The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder or AIRS instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite captured infrared data on Tropical Depression 29W on Oct. 29 at 04:23 UTC/12:23 a.m. EDT. AIRS data revealed strong thunderstorms with cloud top temperatures exceeding -63F/-52C that indicated they were high in the troposphere. They thunderstorms appeared in bands west and east of the center. Those thunderstorms were part of bands that formed around the circulation center. On Oct. 29 at 11 a.m. EDT/1500 UTC, Tropical Depression 29W had maximum sustained winds near 30 knots/34.5 mph/55.5 kph. It was located near 15.7 north and 131.3 east, about 634 nautical miles/729.6 miles/1,174 km east of Manila, Philippines. 29W is moving to the west at 14 knots/16.1 mph/21.3 kph and is expected to continue moving in that general direction over the next couple of days. Forecasters at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center noted that warm sea surface temperatures in the Philippine Sea (where it is currently moving through) will enable 29W to strengthen into a typhoon in the next one or two days. 29W is expected to move west crossing over Luzon (the northern Philippines) as a tropical storm sometime on Oct. 31 then move into the South China Sea.

Two Satellites See New Eastern Pacific Tropical Depression

The eighteenth tropical depression of the Eastern Pacific Ocean hurricane season formed early on the first day of November and is expected to become a tropical storm. NASA's TRMM satellite observed moderate rainfall in the storm and NOAA's GOES-West satellite captured a look at the cloud extent. On Oct. 31 at 3:52 p.m. EDT NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite known as TRMM passed over the developing depression. TRMM data showed an area of moderate rainfall around the forming depression's center, where rain was falling at a rate of 1.18 inches/30 mm per hour. The highest thunderstorm cloud tops were around 6.2 miles/10 km high. NOAA's GOES-West satellite captured an infrared image of the newly developed depression located about 305 miles/485 km southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico near 16.4 north and 108.0 west at 5 a.m. EDT on Nov. 1. TD18E had maximum sustained winds near 3 mph/55 kph and is expected to strengthen and become Tropical Storm Sonia. It was moving to the north at 7 mph. NOAA's GOES-West satellite captured an infrared image of newborn Tropical Depression 18E in the Eastern Pacific on Nov. 1 at 8 a.m. EDT. Satellite data revealed that the surface circulation became better defined on Nov. 1. There are several factors that forecasters at the National Hurricane Center are watching for over the weekend of Nov. 2 and 3. After 24 to 36 hours, a mid-level elongated area of low pressure or trough is expected to push the depression to the north and north-northeast bringing it toward land. Computer models show an increase in vertical wind shear from the southwest happening by Nov 4.

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