Influence of Different Inducers on Ligninolytic Enzyme Activities

Enzymes have a wide range of technological applications in various fields of human activities such as food, textile, paper and pharmaceutical industries. Enzymes also play very important role in biological remediation [1], the process leading to the removal, detoxification or transformation of various organic pollutants in environment. They are also applied in nanobiotechnology, where they are used as biosensors, the analytical tools for the analysis of bio-material samples [2]. The use of enzymes for this purpose, however, entails certain limitations. These are mainly the high cost of commercial preparations and therefore are constantly looking for new, cheaper and natural sources. One of the potencial enzyme producers are fungi that have broad enzymatic equipment. They are currently the focus of considerable attention due to their diverse application [3]. Fungi are able to decompose, or cause to deteriorate a huge variety of materials and compounds such a different type of wood, textile, stored paper, plastics, leather and diverse materials using for wrapping [4]. Species of basidiomycetes are considered to be a very interesting group of fungi including different ecological groups such as white rot, brown rot, and leaf litter fungi [5, 6]. Among them, only the white rot fungi are able to efficiently decompose lignin due to the production of ligninolytic enzymes. Lignin, a complex aromatic biopolymer, makes structural rigidity to wood and protects it from microbial attack [7] and it is extremely recalcitrant to degradation [8]. Ligninolytic enzymes are also capable of degrading various environmental pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, synthetic dyes, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, herbicides and many other xenobiotics. However, ligninolytic enzymes from white rot fungi are only secreted in small amounts, so their using in industrial applications has been limited due to low productivity and high economic cost [9, 10]. A higher enzyme activity guarantees a higher and faster transformation of the target substrate and improves the applicability and effectiveness of enzyme-catalyzed processes [11]. The main scope of the review is to briefly encompass general and specific concepts about possibilities, how to increase enzyme activity of white rot fungi using natural or synthetic inducers.

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