Effect of antimicrobial peptides

Organisms can produce substances which act as protection against the negative effects of microorganisms. Many of these substances belong among the peptides and represent an important mechanism of innate immunity. Peptides having activity against bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses and cancer are collectively referred to as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Due to the increasing resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotic treatment, AMPs come to the forefront as a suitable alternative. Out of an antimicrobial activity, also the possible use for the treatment of fungal, parasite and virus diseases are studied. Also it has a significant potential use for the treatment of cancer, as some AMPs demonstrated significant antitumor activity.

Fig. 1: Scheme of the mechanism of action of anticancer cationic peptides. Data in parentheses are examples of peptides by the operating mechanism. 1 - Modification of lysosomal membranes, which leads to acidification of the intracellular space and cell death (Kahalalide F). 2 - Amplification proteasomal activity (Magainin II). 3 - Induction of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis via release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, or through activation of the caspase cascade (Lactoferricin B). 4 - Making pores carpet model (cecropin). 5 - Increase intake of Ca2 + (Melittin). 6 - Making pore model cask rings (cecropin, Melittin, Lactoferricin B). 7 - Activation of the immune modulatory nucleic acid pathway and induction of interferons (Alloferon). 8 - Inhibition of genes involved in DNA replication (Kahalalide F). 9 - cell cycle arrest in G0, G1 or S phase (AGAP). Revised by the ⁴⁸

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