Nanopores as a modern tool for DNA sequencing

A nanopore-based devices are extremely sensitive analytical techniques, which uses the electrophoretic translocation of molecules in solution through a nano-scale pores. The nanopores, which mimic the functions of natural ion channels, seems to be the promissing tool for future fast and low-cost DNA sequencing. However, some difficulties in generating usable sequence data have to be solved. In this article the nanopores were reviewed. In the first part the development of nanopore technique was described and the ubiquitous presence of nanopores in living cells was highlighted. Next, the most important part of the principles of nanopore analysis was described, and the knowledges about biological and solid-state nanopores were summarized. Also the pros and cons of both kinds of nanopores and different approaches designed to circumvent the issues were mentioned.

Fig. 1: Illustrative schematic of the apparatus used for the analysis of nucleic acids (A). Amplifier applied voltage Vc and detects changes in the current passing through hemolysin Ip. When applying a voltage of 120 mV using 1 M KCl as electrolyte passes hemolysin reference current of 120 pA, which is the translocation of ssDNA reduced to 15 Pa (B).

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