Structure of influenza viruses, connected with influenza life cycle

Social, economic and environmental impacts of annual seasonal epidemics are considerable, it is almost impossible to estimate what would happen in the case of a pandemic. Economic losses associated with Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in the US were estimated on tens to hundreds millions of dollars [5]. In Europe the situation wasn´t better. In the Netherlands HPAI outbreak lasted two months, affecting 255 poultry farms and more than 30 million domestic fowl had to be killed [6]. Impact of influenza pandemics are known from the history of the 20th century, when three big influenza pandemics were described: Spanish Flu (1918), the Asian flu (1957) and Hong Kong-Flu (1968) [7]. The Spanish flu is regarded as the biggest in history, the number of victims was estimated on 50 million [8]. In the 21st century, two epidemics with pandemic potential (avian and swine flu) were recorded [9, 10]. Recently new subtypes such as H7N7 and H7N2 [11], H9N2 [12], H7N9 [13] are able to cause human infection. Many researches dealing that there is significant emergence of another pandemic. The question is when and where it will come and how much serious it will be [14-16]. Currently we are better prepared for the fight against epidemics representing by improved prevention, diagnosis and therapy [17-19]. On the other hand risk of extremely rapid spread of the pandemic increase because of the globalization, airplane transport and growth of population [20]. For this reason it is necessary to search new possibilities in the fields of prevention, treatment and diagnosis.

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