Application of nanotechnologies in the diagnostic of human papillomavirus

The human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a diverse group of DNA virus belonging to the family of the Papillomaviridae and represents one of the most common infections of sexual transmission. Papillomaviruses cannot be cultivated on tissue culture, so the DNA diagnostics is the main and accurate method for the detection of clinical specimens. Commonly used methods in laboratories include the use of the polymerase chain reaction. Conventional methods often do not specify the types of HPV and only distinguish the presence of high-risk or low-risk type of HPV. In recent decades, the number of techniques is based on diagnostic of human papillomavirus using nanotechnologies, such as nanoparticles, their modification, magnetic separation or antisense therapy. In the focus of this research is the preparation of a composite material, consisiting of graphene oxide and nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO), silver phhosphate (Ag3PO4) and silver. Graphene oxide was prepared by Hummers method, involving the oxidation of graphite flake in sulfuric acid with permanganate with subsequent addition of the necessary components for the formation of metal nanoparticles. Physicochemical methods are considered for their characterisation. The size of nanoparticles ranges from 50 – 200 nm. Subsequently, the antibacterial effect of composites was tested by disk method on bacterial cultures of S.aureus, E.coli, methicilin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Selenium nanoparticles exhibit the highest antibacterial activity from selected nanoparticles containing graphene oxide composite with an inhibitory zone with the size 5 ± 1 mm. Silver nanoparticles display also a distinguishable antibacterial effect with inhibition zones of 2 ± 1 mm. Graphene oxide which is modified by zinc oxide nanoparticles shows no inhibitory effect. The obtained results show suitability of the prepared composite materials as candidates for alternative antimicrobialmaterials.

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