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Je hanba, že se někdo dovede namáhat po mnoho let, aby se stal dobrým lékařem, obhájcem, učitelem nebo geometrem, a přitom není ochoten namáhat se příslušně dlouhý čas, aby se stal dobrým člověkem.

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?-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Covered with Glutathione-Modified Quantum Dots as a Fluorescent Nanotransporter

Over the past decade, magnetism and magnets have found a growing field of application in the areas of biotechnology and medical technology. Combining the forces of magnetism with micro- and nanotechnology has further miniaturized the modes of application [1]. Examples of applications are ranging from magnetoresistive-based biosensors, visualization of common biological events, to nanomedicine [2-4].

Influenza A viruses cause significant mortality worldwide each year. Antiviral inhibitors have become an important alternate means of containing the spread of influenza. The neuraminidase inhibitors and the M2 protein blockators belongs to the current antivirals. The neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are the most commonly used class of influenza antiviral drugs for the treatment of infected patients [11]. The M2 protein blockators are only effective against influenza A viruses, and resistance arises rapidly. Many of the H5N1 strains circulating in Southeast Asia, especially in Vietnam and Thailand, are also resistant to M2 inhibitors [12-14]. The most common NAIs drugs are zanamivir, oseltamivir, peramivir, and a long-acting NAIs, laninamivir [15]. However, mutations in the influenza viruses induce resistance to antiviral drug. Resistance was more likely to arise to oseltamivir, due to the structural changes needed for oseltamivir to bind with high affinity [16]. Oseltamivir resistance was reported for the first time in A(H3N2) virus strains during the 2011-2012 influenza season [17]. Detection of one mutation in the virus neuraminidase (NA) gene within 2 days of initiating oseltamivir treatment, in the first reported human infection by avian A(H7N9) influenza virus, raised concern about emergence of resistance occurence during treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors [18]. Despite greater than 99% of influenza A viruses circulating in the Asia-Pacific region being resistant to the adamantane antiviral drugs in 2011, the large majority of influenza A and B strains remained susceptible to the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir [19]. Recently, a study reported that an I223R/H275Y double mutant of neuraminidase (NA) creates a multidrug resistant form of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus [20].

Employment of quantum dots as labels offers numerous advantages, as they are resistant to both photo- and chemical degradation over time, and they provide a wide excitation band with a narrow emission band [23]. Furthermore they exhibit pronounced brightness compared to other fluorophores. A lot of studies have been aimed at determination of both in vitro and in vivo toxicity of these nanoparticles and the results are promising to use these nanomaterials in vivo. There was shown that QDs toxicity is highly dependent on QDs crystal size, stability in solution, as well as physical environment [24-26], however, the using of properly prepared and modified QDs had negligible toxicity. Moreover, these particles can be conjugated to other materials as they were successfully conjugated to maghemite nanoparticles through covalent binding [27], or using binders like 3- aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTES) [28].

The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize the nanoconjugate of maghemite nanoparticles conjugated to semiconductor CdTe/CdS QDs stabilized with glutathione (GSH), whose could be subsequently applied on the human embryonic kidney 293 cell culture (HEK-293) to monitor the possible interactions between luminescent nanomaghemite and eukaryotic cells. We hypothesized that thiol groups contained in glutathione may provide interaction with cell membranes, and thereby functionalize maghemite nanoparticles to be able to serve as a tool for transport of drugs targeting the structures on outer surface of the cell membranes.

Práce je spojená s projektem CEITEC CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068.

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